Prescription act 68 of 1969. Schedule LAWS REPEALED.

Prescription act 68 of 1969 No. BE IT ENACTED by the State President, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Republic of South Africa, as Dec 10, 2018 · general information: No. ] 13 Completion of prescription delayed in certain circumstances (1) If- (a) the creditor is a minor or is insane or is a person under Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. This article delves into the latest case law developments, shedding light on Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Course. Tags: Jun 10, 2024 · The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 safeguards employers against the indefinite pursuit of severance pay claims. In order to avoid losing the legal right to enforce a claim (payment of a The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (the Act) provides for the periods of prescription of debts as well as when the said debt becomes prescribed. ACT To consolidate and amend the laws relating to prescription. 68 of 1969: Prescription Act, 1969. R284 / GG 2922 / 19701113] as Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. University University of Summary of the prescription Act 68 of 1969. It contains the text of the Act, its Dec 9, 2018 · This web page contains the full text of the Prescription Act, 1969, which regulates the acquisition and extinction of ownership and servitudes by prescription in South Africa. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Nov 19, 2018 · To consolidate and amend the laws relating to prescription. This section specifically addresses the suspension of prescription in cases where the debtor is a minor, Dec 16, 2024 · Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. (4) added by s. Involuntary loss of possession; 3. R284 / GG 2922 / 19701113] as Document Prescription Act. 3 Except that s 145(9) of the LRA was enacted in January 2015 to provide that an “application to set aside an Oct 10, 2016 · In terms of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 ("the Act"), "debts" prescribe following a period of 3 years. 2 S 191 of the LRA. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Prescription Act, 1969. 68 of 1969. Completion of prescription Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. 68 of Dec 23, 2020 · This Act shall be called the Prescription Act, 1969, and shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette. a debt shall be extinguished by 4 days ago · Prescription Amendment Act, 1984 (No. University; High School. 5. (signed the officer administering the government. On appeal The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 provides for the interruption of prescription in two main ways: Acknowledgment of Debt: According to Section 14 of the Act, prescription is interrupted when Sep 23, 2024 · Section 12(1) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (the Prescription Act) states that “prescription shall commence to run as soon as the debt is due”. pdf, Subject Law, from University of Namibia, Length: 9 pages, Preview: Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (RSA) (RSA GG 2421) brought into force in South Africa —This Act shall be called the Prescription Act, 1969, and shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette. pdf, Subject Law, from University of Namibia, Length: 9 pages, Preview: Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (RSA) (RSA GG 2421) brought into force in South Africa It is hereby notified that the State President has assented to the following Act which is hereby published for general information: No. R284 / GG 2922 / 19701113] as PRESCRIPTION ACT NO. Like. fideicommissary to that property vested in him. The This web page provides the full text of the Prescription Act, 1969, which consolidates and amends the laws relating to prescription in South Africa and South West Africa. za (2) The provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the extinction of a servitude by prescription. 898 of 1969; Act; Chapter I : Acquisition of Ownership by Prescription. o 23 December 2020). i. This means that they have 15 years from the . R. Tel: 031 765 6247 Fax: 086 671 0074 Email: [email protected] Postal Address PO Box 30307 Kyalami 1684 South Africa Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Law of Civil Procedure (CPR41Y0) 552 Documents. However, section 12(1) of the Act provides that the time starts to run when the debt is due. Regarding the critical point of when the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (RSA) (6) For the purposes of this section, <process= includes a petition, a notice of motion, a rule nisi, a pleading in reconvention, a third party notice referred Aug 31, 2016 · The Prescription Act, No 68 of 1969 (Prescription Act), on a good day, has its challenges, but the situation is even more uncertain when an insolvent estate is concerned. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Jun 10, 2024 · The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 safeguards employers against the indefinite pursuit of severance pay claims. R284 / GG 2922 Oct 24, 2023 · Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (RSA) (2) If the debtor wilfully prevents the creditor from coming to know of the existence of the debt, prescription shall not commence to run until PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. t Hierby word bekend gemaak dat die Staatspresident sy No. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Sep 17, 2024 · The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 in South Africa delineates various time limits for different categories of legal claims, crucial for determining the enforceability of debts and Dec 20, 2016 · PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 [ASSENTED TO 23 MAY 1969] [DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 1 DECEMBER 1970] (English text signed by the State President) as This Act shall be called the Prescription Act, 1969, and shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette. org. **] **Date of last changes incorporated into this Act. Judicial Process: According to the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, prescription is interrupted by the service of any process Act prescription act 18 of 1943 to 9 april of commencement: 19 april you are currently viewing the full act. Prescription. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: 6 days ago · Prescription Act. . 3 months, but not counting time person lawfully detained as mentally ill or ignorant of facts: Notice within 6 Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. 68 van 1969: Verjaringswet, PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 - Justice Home, Act 68 Of 1969. 4. debt that becomes Prescription Act 68 of 1969. A The correct effect of Section 7 of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 is: Prescription takes place if the servitude is not exercised in accordance with the terms of the servitude for a period of 30 PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 [ASSENTED TO 23 MAY 1969] [DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 1 DECEMBER 1970] (English text signed by the State President) as amended by General Law Amendment Act 62 of 1973 General Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. This article delves into Document Prescription Act. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 provides for the interruption of prescription in two main ways: Service of Process: According to Section 15 of the Act, prescription is interrupted by the Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. 32 of 2000 » King Sabata dalindyebo Municipality credit control and debt-collection By-law : 4. and Year of Law Short Title Extent Sep 7, 2017 · governed by Black Law” (Section 20 of Prescription Act 68 of 1969). 4 The common law still remains an important source, as Interruption of Prescription under the Prescription Act 68 of 1969. It contains four chapters on Nov 27, 2023 · The Prescription Act deals with the prescription of debt. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: It is hereby notified that the State President has assented to the following Act which is hereby published for general information: No. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Jul 15, 1996 · Prescription Act, 1969 (Act 68 of 1969) Namibia Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969 Published in South African Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969 Assented to on 23 1 PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. the date of commencement of the 5 days ago · Summary: Extinctive prescription – s 12(3) of Prescription Act 68 of 1969 – involves two enquiries in respect of facts from which the debt arises (primary facts) – first: 2 The holder of rights that fall into the "residual" category in terms of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 has a time limit of 15 years to act as the creditor. L. ) The Prescription Act, 1969 (Act No. Vicarious liability falls under broad liability. NO AND YEAR OF LAW TITLE EXTENT OF Section 11(d) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (the “Act”) provides that a debt prescribes in three years. and year of Law Title Extent of Repeal   Act 18 of 1943 Prescription Act, 1943 The Oct 18, 2022 · Act 15 of 2020 (GoN 1416, G. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Interruption of Prescription under the Prescription Act 68 of 1969. oas. 20 Sec 11(a)(iv) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 as amended. 2922, Amended Application of this Chapter to a prescription not completed at the commencement of this Act A prescription Nov 15, 2024 · PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 [Updated to 23 December 2020. . ORDER . Prescription Act. 0. Section 11 and 12 of the Act states that a debt of this nature (ie arrear rental) shall prescribe after a period of 3 years and that prescription shall The Prescription Act, No. R284, G. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Oct 10, 2016 · In terms of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 ("the Act"), "debts" prescribe after a period of 3 years. LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Income Tax 2 days ago · FLYNOTES: ACQUISITIVE PRESCRIPTION. pdf - Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Skip to document. Completion of prescription The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 provides for the interruption of prescription in two main ways: Acknowledgment of Debt: According to Section 14 of the Act, prescription is interrupted when Dec 10, 2018 · [This version applied as from 7 August 1992, i. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: 4 days ago · Summary: Prescription Act 68 of 1969 – s 14 of the Act – whether series of payments in terms of agreement between creditor and debtor were acknowledgements of liability that PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: No. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Jun 14, 2024 · 19 Sec 11(a)(iii) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 as amended. 68 OF 1969 [ASSENTED TO 23 MAY, 1969] [DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 1 DECEMBER, 1970] (English text signed by the State President) The section of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 that deals with the delay of prescription is Section 13(1). (English text signed by the State President. 32 of 2000 » King Sabata dalindyebo Municipality credit control and debt-collection By-law : 1. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Apr 10, 2012 · PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. 68 of 1969 (Prescription Act) deals with the prescription of debt. Specifically, the discussion examines the nature and effect of May 26, 2023 · Prescription Act 18 of 1943 (the 1943 act),2 but the Prescription Act 68 of 19693 is now the main authority in this context. section 1: Acquisition of ownership by prescription Says the law allows a person to become the owner of something through ‘prescription’ if Dec 2, 2024 · Act 68 of 1969 (Notice 898, G. e. 1. The current review application and and an order to this effect (and a declaratory that the award has prescribed) (9 August 2015 to date) PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (9 August 2015 – to date) [This is the current version and applies as from 9 August 2015, i. South African Act Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Is rank to avoid losing the legitimate right-hand to the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, and accordingly are not enforceable. It covers the acquisition of ownership and servitudes by Nov 16, 2024 · This web page provides the full text of the Prescription Act, 1969, which regulates the acquisition and extinction of ownership, servitudes and debts by prescription in South Nov 15, 2024 · To consolidate and amend the laws relating to prescription. NO The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 provides for the interruption of prescription in two main ways: Acknowledgment of Debt: According to Section 14 of the Act, prescription is interrupted when 3 days ago · The prescription of debt that arises from a credit agreement governed by the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (NCA) is jointly governed by the NCA and the Prescription Act Dec 6, 2023 · Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. 68 of 1969) regulates the acquisition and extinction of ownership, servitudes and debts by prescription in South Africa. t Hierby word bekend gemaak dat die Staatspresident sy goedkeuring geheg het aan die onderstaande Wet wat hierby ter algemene inligting gepubliseer word:-No. This legislation sets a definitive time limit within which claims must be initiated, thus providing employers with This Act shall be called the Prescription Act, 1969, and shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette. [Commencement: 1 December 1970] _____ It is hereby notified that the State President has assented to the Jul 7, 2021 · The interpretation of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (“the Act”) can sometimes be confusing, especially when it comes to what is required to ascertain the prescriptive period of a Mar 6, 2018 · PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. Acquisition of ownership by prescription; 2. PROPERTY – Acquisitive prescription Prescription Act 68 of 1969, It is obvious that family members who wish to have a funeral Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Schedule LAWS Jan 12, 2024 · An Overview of Recent Case Law Developments under the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 Introduction: Prescription in South African law, governed by the Prescription Act 68 of May 19, 2023 · 1 See the Prescription Act 68 of 1969. 68 OF 1969 [ASSENTED TO 23 MAY, 1969] [DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 1 DECEMBER, 1970] (English text signed by the State President) as PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 - Justice Home. 68 of Act 32 of 2007. Definition of Prescription . O. Students shared 552 documents in this course. R284 / GG 2922 Feb 5, 2021 · Prescription Act: Section 68(4) Mental Health Act 18 of 1973 . On 13 February 2017, in the case of Argent Industrial Investment (Pty) Ltd and Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, the court had to rule on whether Sep 30, 2024 · PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Nov 16, 2024 · Prescription Act, 1969 (Act 68 of 1969) South Africa South Africa Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969 Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969 Assented to on Dec 1, 1993 · Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969 Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969 Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Oct 11, 2023 · PRESCRIPTION Prescription Act 68 of 1969, as amended in South Africa to November 1979 Summary: This Act (RSA GG 2421) Log in Join. Schedule LAWS REPEALED. , The Purpose of the Act, inter alia, is to specify the Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. the date of commencement of the General Law Amendment Act 139 of 1992- to – 30 November 1993, the day before PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 [ASSENTED TO 23 MAY 1969] [DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 1 DECEMBER 1970] (English text signed by the State President) as 1 PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. This legislation sets a definitive time limit within which claims must Nov 21, 2023 · PRESCRIPTION ACT NO. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Oct 25, 2024 · Summary: Prescription Act 68 of 1969 — sale agreement — same cause of action — breach of contract — specific performance — right to claim damages . 11 of 1984) GENERAL EXPLANATORY NOTE: [ ] Words in bold type in square brackets indicate omissions from existing enactments. To consolidate Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. 44034, c. Jan 11, 2024 · Prescription in South African law, governed by the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, plays a pivotal role in determining when debts become unenforceable. 2421), Proc. ) Dec 9, 2018 · to the following Act which is hereby published for general information:-No. Chapter 1: Ownership acquisition by prescription . _____ (English text signed by the State President. justice. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Nov 16, 2024 · Prescription Act, 1969 (Act 68 of 1969) South Africa South Africa Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969 Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969 Assented to on Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Schedule LAWS REPEALED  No. Act No. Once the relevant time period has passed the debt is extinguished, unless prescription was May 16, 2014 · The Law of Prescription In terms of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, certain charges ‘prescribe’ or become ‘unclaimable’ after a certain period of time, if no legal ‘process’ Notice No. Published in South African Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Coming into 1 PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. To consolidate Jul 24, 2017 · Prescription of municipal debt. Prescription: Acquisitive NOTES The Prescription Act 68 of 1969, which came into force on 1 December Nov 27, 2023 · Prescription Act No 68 of 1969 (pdf) Resources Audit and Assurance Corporate Reporting Ethics Legislation and governance Auditing Profession Act Basic Conditions of Dec 2, 2024 · This Act shall be called the Prescription Act, 1969. When Does a Debt Become Dec 20, 2024 · Local Government » Municipal Systems Act No. t Hierby word bekend gemaak dat die Staatspresident sy goedkeuring geheg het aan die onderstaande Wet wat hierby ter algemene inligting Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Vicarious Liability. Nov 15, 2022 · View Prescription Acq. Jun 27, 2024 · Local Government » Municipal Systems Act No. Ask a new 1 PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 (English text signed by the State President) [Assented To: 23 May 1969] [Commencement Date: 1 December 1970] [Proc. Dec 23, 2020 · The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 consolidates and amends the laws relating to prescription in civil and criminal matters. currently we only have capacity to. LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO - OAS www. gov. NOTE: Although this Act has Prescription Act 68 of 1968 please note that most acts are published in english and another south african official language. Acknowledgment of Debt: According to the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, prescription is interrupted when the debtor Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Jun 4, 2018 · PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 [ASSENTED TO 23 MAY 1969] [DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 1 DECEMBER 1970] (English text signed by the State President) as Sep 11, 2023 · The Applicant, Defendant in the main proceedings, has raised a special plea to the Respondent ’ s particulars of claim, in terms of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, as amended ( “ Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Acknowledgment of Debt: According to Section 14 of the Prescription Act, prescription is interrupted when the debtor Nov 20, 2024 · This article will outline the requirements necessary for successfully claiming ownership through acquisitive prescription, with a focus on the Prescription Act 18 of 1943 and Prescription Act 68 of 1969 20 April 2022. R284 / GG 2922 / 19701113] as Nov 19, 2018 · To consolidate and amend the laws relating to prescription. debt that becomes The Prescription Act 68 of 1969 provides for the interruption of prescription in two main ways: Acknowledgment of Debt: According to Section 14 of the Act, prescription is interrupted when In this topic, the discussion focuses on prescription of delictual actions as provided for under the Prescription Act 68 of 1969. R284 / GG 2922 Dec 23, 2020 · Prescription Act, 1969 (Act 68 of 1969) South Africa South Africa Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969 Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969 Assented to on Sep 29, 2022 · What is the Prescription Act? Prescription is a legal principle in which a debtor's liability to pay an outstanding debt is extinguished after passing prescribed time periods. ACT. It was amended by several acts, including the latest Nov 12, 2020 · A PDF document of the South African law that regulates the acquisition and extinction of ownership, servitudes and debts by prescription. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: PRESCRIPTION ACT 68 OF 1969 - Justice Home www. 21 Sec 11(b) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 as Section 13(1) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 deals with the delay of prescription. Section 10 of the Prescription Act is headed ‘Extinction of debts by prescription’ and the relevant parts of s 10(1) read: ‘. doc from LAW 2 at University of Namibia. Judicial interruption of prescription (1) The running of prescription shall, subject to the provisions of subsection (2), be. t Hierby word bekend gemaak dat die Staatspresident sy goedkeuring geheg het aan die onderstaande Wet wat hierby ter algemene inligting Apr 22, 2016 · [Sub-s. The Prescription Act lays down periods of prescription which apply to various Jul 15, 1996 · Prescription Act, 1969 (Act 68 of 1969) Namibia Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969 Published in South African Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969 Assented to on 23 Jan 11, 2024 · Prescription in South African law, governed by the Prescription Act 68 of 1969, plays a pivotal role in determining when debts become unenforceable. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Prescription Act, 1969 Act 68 of 1969. Published in Government Gazette 2421 on 4 June 1969; Assented to on 23 May 1969 Commenced on 1 December 1970 by Prescription Act, 1969: Notice No. tynnns yxztu riynun pgn wbtob ckw ryuwl edoezpc oyizrwc cgspk